Which solution will meet these requirements?
Replace the NAT gateways with NAT instances. In the VPC route table, create a route from the private subnets to the NAT instances.
Move the EC2 instances to the public subnets. Remove the NAT gateways.
Set up an S3 gateway VPC endpoint in the VPAttach an endpoint policy to the endpoint to allow the required actions on the S3 bucket.
Attach an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) volume to the EC2 instances. Host the images on the EFS volume.
Explanations:
Replacing NAT gateways with NAT instances may reduce costs but introduces additional maintenance and can reduce reliability. NAT instances do not scale automatically and require manual handling for high availability across zones.
Moving EC2 instances to public subnets would increase exposure to the internet, compromising the security posture. The instances would have public IPs, making them more vulnerable to unauthorized access.
Using an S3 gateway VPC endpoint allows EC2 instances to directly connect to S3 over AWS’s internal network, reducing NAT gateway costs for S3 access. It also enhances security by eliminating the need for internet traffic.
Amazon EFS is not suitable for high-throughput S3-like storage of 1 TB/day and would incur high costs. EFS is designed more for low-latency access for smaller files and does not directly reduce costs related to S3 data retrieval.
I evaluate that the answer is:
Set up an S3 gateway VPC endpoint in the VPAttach an endpoint policy to the endpoint to allow the required actions on the S3 bucket.