Which solution meets these requirements?
Provision EC2 instances with a Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) EBS root volume and a Cold HDD (sc1) EBS data volume.
Provision EC2 instances with a Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) EBS volume that will serve as the root volume and the data volume.
Provision EC2 instances with a General Purpose SSD (gp3) EBS root volume and a Provisioned IOPS SSD (io2) EBS data volume.
Provision EC2 instances with a General Purpose SSD (gp3) EBS root volume. Configure the application to store its data in an Amazon S3 bucket.
Explanations:
Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) and Cold HDD (sc1) volumes are designed for high throughput but do not provide configurable IOPS. They are more suitable for workloads that require high throughput rather than consistent IOPS.
Similar to option A, Throughput Optimized HDD (st1) volumes are not suitable for applications requiring configurable and consistent IOPS. They are designed for sequential workloads and are not optimal for transactional data with variable IOPS needs.
General Purpose SSD (gp3) volumes provide a balance of price and performance, supporting configurable IOPS up to 16,000. Pairing this with Provisioned IOPS SSD (io2) for the data volume ensures consistent high performance and IOPS for transactional data.
While General Purpose SSD (gp3) volumes are suitable for the root volume, storing data in Amazon S3 does not meet the requirement for configurable and consistent IOPS, as S3 is designed for object storage rather than block storage with IOPS guarantees.
I think the answer is:
Provision EC2 instances with a General Purpose SSD (gp3) EBS root volume and a Provisioned IOPS SSD (io2) EBS data volume.