Which AWS service or infrastructure component should the company use to meet this requirement?

Explanations:

AWS Shield is a managed DDoS protection service. It does not provide data hosting capabilities or allow for geographical data compliance.

Amazon S3 Object Lock is used for data retention and immutability. It does not address hosting data in a specific country.

AWS Regions provide isolated locations around the world where AWS resources can be hosted. Selecting an appropriate region allows the company to comply with local data hosting requirements for their customer.

Placement groups are a way to influence the placement of instances to meet specific needs (like low latency), but they do not facilitate hosting data in a specific country.