Which AWS infrastructure solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST latency between components?

Explanations:

Multiple AWS Regions would introduce higher latency due to the geographical distance between regions.

Multiple edge locations are designed for content delivery and caching, not for HPC applications, and would not ensure low latency between components.

Multiple Availability Zones within a single AWS Region provide fault tolerance and low latency, as they are geographically close to each other.

Regional edge caches are meant for caching static content and do not provide the infrastructure needed for HPC applications or ensure low latency between components.