Which Amazon EC2 instance type should the company use to meet these requirements?

Explanations:

General purpose instances are designed for balanced compute, memory, and networking resources. They are not optimized for high performance computing (HPC) workloads that require specialized resource configurations.

Compute optimized instances are designed for compute-heavy workloads, but they do not specifically focus on high-performance storage, which is key for HPC data lake workloads.

Memory optimized instances are ideal for memory-intensive applications but do not specifically address the storage requirements of HPC workloads, such as high throughput and low latency.

Storage optimized instances are designed for workloads requiring high storage throughput and low latency, which is essential for high performance computing tasks, including those involving large datasets in data lakes.