What should a solutions architect recommend?

Explanations:

While Amazon S3 is a scalable object storage service ideal for unstructured data, it is not a file system and does not provide native file sharing capabilities or support for Windows ACLs directly, making it less suitable for an environment that requires file permissions management similar to Active Directory.

Amazon FSx for Windows File Server is specifically designed for Windows environments and integrates with Active Directory, allowing for NTFS permissions and access control. It provides fully managed Windows file shares that are highly available and scalable, making it a suitable solution for the company’s needs.

Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) is a scalable file storage service for use with Amazon EC2. However, it is primarily designed for Linux-based workloads and does not natively support Windows file sharing protocols or Active Directory integration, making it less ideal for a Windows-centric environment.

Setting up Amazon EC2 with multiple EBS volumes can provide storage, but it requires management and scaling on the user’s part, which is not as efficient or scalable as using a managed service. It also lacks the built-in integration with Active Directory for user permissions and would involve more operational overhead.