What should a security engineer do to meet this requirement?
Use a NAT gateway in the VPC.
Use an interface VPC endpoint for CodeDeploy API operations.
Use a gateway VPC endpoint for CodeDeploy API operations.
Use a VPN connection to the VPC.
Explanations:
A NAT gateway allows instances in a private subnet to initiate outbound traffic to the internet but does not provide a direct connection to AWS services like CodeDeploy without going through the internet. Therefore, it does not meet the requirement of avoiding public internet for CodeDeploy API operations.
An interface VPC endpoint enables private connectivity to AWS services such as CodeDeploy within the VPC without needing public internet access. This allows CodeDeploy to communicate with EC2 instances securely and directly.
A gateway VPC endpoint is specifically for services like Amazon S3 and DynamoDB, not for AWS CodeDeploy. Thus, it cannot facilitate private communications for CodeDeploy API operations.
A VPN connection provides secure communication between on-premises networks and AWS but does not address the requirement of internal AWS service communication without using the public internet. It also does not provide direct API access to AWS services like CodeDeploy from within the VPC.
I weigh that the answer is:
Use an interface VPC endpoint for CodeDeploy API operations.