How can you secure data at rest on an EBS volume?
Encrypt the volume using the S3 server-side encryption service.
Attach the volume to an instance using EC2’s SSL interface.
Create an IAM policy that restricts read and write access to the volume.
Write the data randomly instead of sequentially.
Use an encrypted file system m top of the EBS volume.
Explanations:
S3 server-side encryption is used for data stored in S3 buckets, not for EBS volumes. EBS volumes can be encrypted directly using AWS-managed keys or customer-managed keys through the EBS encryption feature.
Attaching the volume using EC2’s SSL interface does not secure data at rest. SSL is used for data in transit, not for securing stored data on EBS volumes.
While IAM policies can restrict access to EC2 instances and their volumes, they do not encrypt the data at rest. Access control is important, but it does not address securing the data itself.
Writing data randomly instead of sequentially does not secure data at rest. Data patterns might be more complex, but this method does not provide encryption or effective protection against unauthorized access.
Using an encrypted file system on top of the EBS volume provides an additional layer of encryption for data at rest. This method ensures that the data is stored securely, even if the underlying EBS volume is not encrypted by AWS.
In my experience, the answer is:
Use an encrypted file system m top of the EBS volume.