Which solution meets these requirements MOST cost-effectively?

Explanations:

While this option suggests using EC2 Spot Instances for simulations, which could save costs, it fails to address the need for retrieval within 5 hours since Spot Instances can be terminated at any time. Additionally, S3 Intelligent-Tiering is not the most cost-effective solution for long-term storage compared to Glacier.

This option suggests purchasing an EC2 Instance Savings Plan for both parts, which is unnecessary for the simulation part since it only runs a few hours each night. While Glacier is suitable for long-term storage, this option does not consider the variable load and potential cost savings of using Spot Instances for the simulations.

This option correctly uses Compute Savings Plans for the configuration part, which ensures consistent pricing. Utilizing EC2 Spot Instances for the simulations leverages cost savings for variable loads. Furthermore, transitioning to S3 Glacier after 30 days provides a low-cost solution for long-term storage while still allowing retrieval within the required timeframe.

This option unnecessarily purchases EC2 Reserved Instances for the simulation part, which is not cost-effective given the variable nature of its usage. While it suggests transitioning to Glacier Deep Archive, which is very low-cost for storage, it does not meet the retrieval requirement within 5 hours since retrieving from Deep Archive can take longer.