Which solution meets these requirements?
Update the route table for the private subnet to route the outbound traffic to an AWS Network Firewall firewall. Configure domain list rule groups.
Set up an AWS WAF web ACL. Create a custom set of rules that filter traffic requests based on source and destination IP address range sets.
Implement strict inbound security group rules. Configure an outbound rule that allows traffic only to the authorized software repositories on the internet by specifying the URLs.
Configure an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the EC2 instances. Direct all outbound traffic to the ALB. Use a URL-based rule listener in the ALB’s target group for outbound access to the internet.
Explanations:
The solution utilizes AWS Network Firewall to control outbound traffic. By configuring domain list rule groups, it can restrict EC2 instances to accessing only approved third-party software repositories. This approach meets the requirement of allowing access only to specific URLs while blocking all other internet traffic.
AWS WAF is designed for filtering HTTP(S) traffic at the application layer, primarily for inbound web traffic. It does not provide granular control for outbound traffic based on URLs or third-party repositories. Therefore, this option does not meet the requirement.
Security groups can restrict traffic based on IP addresses but do not have the capability to filter outbound traffic based on specific URLs. URL-based outbound control would require a more sophisticated solution such as a firewall.
An Application Load Balancer (ALB) is typically used to distribute inbound traffic to EC2 instances, not to control outbound traffic. While an ALB can route HTTP(S) requests, it does not provide the required functionality to restrict outbound traffic to specific URLs or third-party repositories.
I draft that the answer is:
Update the route table for the private subnet to route the outbound traffic to an AWS Network Firewall firewall. Configure domain list rule groups.