What is the MOST scalable storage solution to fulfill the requirement?
Connect a large Amazon EBS volume to multiple instances and schedule snapshots.
Deploy Amazon EFS is in the VPC and create mount targets in multiple subnets.
Launch an EC2 instance and share data using SMB/CIFS or NFS.
Deploy an AWS Storage Gateway cached volume on Amazon EC2.
Explanations:
Amazon EBS volumes are designed to be attached to a single EC2 instance at a time. Although you can create snapshots, this doesn’t allow multiple instances to share the same data simultaneously in a scalable manner.
Amazon EFS provides a fully managed, scalable NFS file system that can be accessed concurrently by EC2 instances in multiple Availability Zones. This solution can handle the expected data growth and provides seamless scalability.
Sharing data via SMB/CIFS or NFS on a single EC2 instance is not scalable, especially for tens of terabytes of data. It introduces a single point of failure and performance bottlenecks as the data grows.
AWS Storage Gateway cached volumes are typically used to integrate on-premises environments with AWS storage. This solution is not ideal for EC2 instances in a VPC needing scalable, shared storage.
I rank that the answer is:
Deploy Amazon EFS is in the VPC and create mount targets in multiple subnets.