Which of the following options would you consider?
Configure a web proxy server in your VPC and enforce URL-based rules for outbound access Remove default routes.
Implement security groups and configure outbound rules to only permit traffic to software depots.
Move all your instances into private VPC subnets remove default routes from all routing tables and add specific routes to the software depots and distributions only.
Implement network access control lists to all specific destinations, with an Implicit deny all rule.
Explanations:
Configuring a web proxy server with URL-based rules allows for controlled outbound access to specific URLs, and removing default routes prevents instances from accessing unauthorized destinations on the Internet.
Security groups cannot enforce URL-based rules or specify exact external URLs, limiting control over connections to specific hosts like CDNs. They are IP-based only, so they cannot meet the specified requirements.
Moving instances to private subnets with restricted routes will prevent all Internet access, even to software depots, unless additional complex setups like NAT gateways are configured, which is not specified.
Network ACLs do not support URL-based filtering; they operate at the IP level and are not effective in restricting access to specific CDNs or software depots based on URLs.
From my perspective, the answer is:
Configure a web proxy server in your VPC and enforce URL-based rules for outbound access Remove default routes.