Which of the following can the company use to route and filter incoming network requests for the EC2 instance?

Explanations:

Route tables are used for directing traffic within a VPC, but a web application firewall (WAF) is not a routing mechanism; it is designed to protect web applications from attacks. Therefore, this combination does not correctly address routing and filtering incoming network requests for an EC2 instance.

Security groups act as virtual firewalls to control inbound and outbound traffic to EC2 instances, effectively filtering requests. Route tables manage the routing of traffic within the VPC. Together, they provide both routing and filtering capabilities for incoming network requests.

Security groups are used for filtering incoming traffic, but a network intrusion system is not a native AWS service for routing; it is typically used for detecting and responding to attacks. This option does not provide a comprehensive solution for routing and filtering incoming requests.

Route tables are used for directing traffic, while AWS Shield is a managed DDoS protection service, not a routing mechanism. This option mixes routing and DDoS protection but fails to provide a correct filtering method for incoming network requests specific to an EC2 instance.