Which combination of steps will provide the required VPC connectivity with the LEAST operational overhead?

Explanations:

Creating a transit gateway allows for scalable and simplified connectivity between multiple VPCs. By attaching all VPCs to a single transit gateway, the company can facilitate communication between all VPCs with minimal operational overhead and easily add more VPCs in the future.

VPC peering connections between all VPCs would lead to a complex mesh network, as each VPC would need to be connected individually to every other VPC. This approach increases operational overhead and is not scalable for the growing number of VPCs.

Implementing an NLB with AWS PrivateLink allows secure one-way access from each customer’s VPC to the management VPC. This method provides a managed service for communication while limiting the complexity of VPC connections, thus minimizing operational overhead.

Setting up a VPN appliance in each customer’s VPC and connecting to the management VPC via AWS Site-to-Site VPN introduces unnecessary complexity and operational overhead. It also requires additional management for each VPN connection, which is not efficient.

Creating VPC peering connections between the management VPC and each customer’s VPC increases the number of connections required as more customer VPCs are added. This method can quickly become unmanageable and doesn’t scale well, leading to increased operational overhead.