Which solution will meet these requirements?

Explanations:

While adding an Amazon CloudFront distribution can help reduce latency by caching content closer to users, it is primarily effective for HTTP/HTTPS traffic and not for TCP/UDP protocols used in gaming. Increasing the Cache-Control max-age parameter would not effectively address real-time requirements for multiplayer gaming, which often relies on low-latency connections.

Replacing NLBs with Application Load Balancers (ALBs) may provide some benefits for HTTP/HTTPS traffic, but ALBs are not optimized for TCP/UDP protocols, which are critical for online gaming. Additionally, while latency-based routing in Route 53 can help route traffic to the lowest latency region, the fundamental issues related to TCP/UDP performance are not addressed by this option.

AWS Global Accelerator is specifically designed to improve the availability and performance of applications with TCP and UDP traffic. It provides static IP addresses that act as a fixed entry point to the application and intelligently routes traffic to the nearest NLB based on health and latency, significantly reducing latency for global users. This solution effectively meets the performance improvement and latency reduction goals for the online gaming application.

Adding an Amazon API Gateway endpoint primarily benefits RESTful API traffic and not TCP/UDP protocols used in gaming applications. Enabling API caching may help reduce some latency for specific API calls, but it is not suitable for real-time gaming scenarios where low latency is crucial. This option does not effectively address the requirements for improving performance in multiplayer gaming.